這是本文件的舊版了喔!
隨著數位貨幣的興起,區塊鏈應用在現今生活中,越來越受到產界、學界的矚目,其中智能合約的出現更讓區塊鏈如虎添翼,使其從原本的加密貨幣衍生至各行各業的產業應用情境,因此DApp(分散式應用程式)的開發漸漸受到大家的重視。至目前為止,尚無針對DApp開發、智能合約部署、資料監控的整合機制出現,導致DApp的開發需要較高的門檻、較長的開發時程。基於上述原因,本研究將以網頁技術、區塊鏈標準API,配合快取資料庫以及工作佇列管理機制,設計一套便於開發DApp的中介軟體,並以DApp開發人員使用情境為案例,結合上述平台,就所開發的系統進行可用性檢驗,以降低開發門檻、縮短區塊鏈商品化週期,成為區塊鏈服務開發應用基底。
We can perceive the advent of smart living spaces attributed to the fast emerging of IoT (Internet of Things) technologies. By combining with the blockchain technology, many innovative business models can be brought into reality. This research aims to report our recent progress in investigating the architectural issues for realizing blockchain-driven IoT services. In particular, we present and discuss four typical architectural styles for such services. A preliminary evaluation against different styles is also provided to compare the given styles.
近年來區塊鏈技術受到相當重視,相關應用也開始大量被開發。智能合約是運行於區塊鏈上,用於執行業務、交易的重要元件。如何驗證智能合約正確與完整反映繁瑣的業務規則,是區塊鏈應用程式開發的重要軟工議題。然而,目前尚欠缺系統化整合驗證與測試機制來確保所開發智慧合約的正確性。針對此一挑戰,本研究提出一個支援BDD風格的Solidity智能合約語言的自動整合測試平台,此平台主要提供並解決目前開發與測試智能合約的橫切面考量,並以紅利點數交換為案例,結合上述平台,開發應用情境所需智能合約,就所開發系統進行可用性檢驗,能有效降低智能合約開發測試複雜度與負擔,提升合約品質。
Mixed-reality digital interactive performance is a new style of performance art that facilitates impromptu interactions among dancers and virtual characters in real time. However, such performance is difficult to conduct as the performance designer has to deal with the asynchronous events and temporal requirements of interactions among performers, virtual characters, and music, which are tedious and error-prone. This research presents the design and implementation of a domain-specific language called DIPS (Digital Interactive Performance Sketch) that aims to help directors of such performance test their ideas quickly. On the surface, DIPS provides the common domain abstractions and their associated operations for performance with simple rule syntax that simplifies the task of designers to a large degree. Behind the scenes, DIPS is realized through a combination of a number of established language embedding techniques on the Scala language and some middle-level facility based on the Scala Akka library. To evaluate DIPS, we have implemented a language workbench and an execution engine together with an application called the Future Circus. The preliminary evaluation results are encouraging and demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of DIPS.
Mixed-reality performer-guided performance is a new style of performance art that facilitates impromptu interactions among dancers and virtual characters in realtime using wearable technologies. We present the design of a full-stack wearable integration platform, called WISE (Wearable Item Service runtimE), that supports such performance art behind the scene. WISE deals core issues such as connectivity, manageability, context-awareness, and simplicity of the performance art. The experiment results show that the platform is stable and is able to drive the performance smoothly. We also demonstrate the feasibility of WISE platform by conducting a live interactive public performance called Future Circus supported by the proposed platform.
隨著科技進步,智慧家庭核心技術已日漸成熟。智慧家庭藉由整合各種感測器(sensor)、致動器(actuator)及軟體形成智慧家庭服務。不過,智慧家庭擁有許多不同的通訊協定,為處理不同裝置間的通訊與服務管理問題,便有廠商與組織共同制定UPnP(Universal Plug and Play)協定,UPnP是由幾項重要的子協定構成,其中服務發現(Service Discovery)和存在性管理(Presence Management)更是支援智慧家庭環境服務高度動態特性的重要技術。近年來隨著物聯網技術與服務興起,小型行動裝置和嵌入式裝置數量日益增加,讓IP位址枯竭問題雪上加霜,為解決位址短缺,IPv6(Internet Protocol version 6)對智慧家庭的通訊協定是必要的趨勢,目前大部份網路與嵌入設備均納入IPv6支援。IPv6除了擴大定址空間外,規格也做了部份修改,改善了IPv4效率問題。UPnP在規格書附錄中加入對IPv6的支援,然其設計著重相容性,並未本質上善用IPv6特色。有鑑於此,本論文提出基於IPv6對網際網路控制訊息協定ICMP(Internet Control Message Protocol)與群播(Multicast)的特性加以改進,讓UPnP的服務發現協定SSDP(Simple Service Discovery Protocol)能夠更有效率的傳輸,並建構一個網路層工具來支援相關訊息於網路層直接傳輸。希望藉由此協定與工具的建構,使UPnP的服務發現機制有更好的效能,讓使用者享受更便利的智慧家庭服務。
近年來,智慧生活空間技術日益受到重視,在智慧家庭環境中,需要服務管理機制來處理各式軟硬體設備的偵測、發現、資料傳送及組合等問題,藉此來提供符合使用者的服務並提高智慧家庭品質。其中,UPnP是一種相當普及的服務管理機制。然而,UPnP並非完全按照HTTP協定進行設計,使得UPnP較難被理解,且其採用的服務呼叫協定SOAP不但較為複雜且效能不佳。鑒於上述缺點,在本研究提出以REST架構風格來改良UPnP,並藉由UPnP的操作模式來設計協定,在本研究中將這協定命名為ROSA。ROSA特色有兩點,第一是使用標準操作方法HTTP,提供統一介面來降低開發門檻。第二是以REST軟體風格來取代SOAP,藉此改善UPnP效能,並利用REST的特色降低伺服器負載。本研究透過上述特色來改良UPnP,並提供兩個實驗來比對改良前與改良後的差異,藉此來顯示改良的成果。
智慧家庭應用在現今生活當中,越來越受到各家廠商的青睞,因此其設備與設備之間,相互通訊以及相互應用的效能也越來越重要;傳統服務發現協定往往未考量在智慧家庭中,資源較受限的設備,因此許多服務發現協定對於受限設備並不合適。基於上述原因,本研究以CoAP與MQTT兩大物聯網通訊協定為基礎,設計一套具備Web of Things概念,且適用於受限設備的輕量級資源導向智慧家庭服務架構;其中,本論文將會以CoAP為基礎實作架構底層的服務發現協定:CROSA,再以MQTT延伸作為架構中應用層的傳輸方法,以達到既符合受限設備使用環境要求,更確保在套用在智慧家庭中應用時,能有更直觀且靈活的佈局方法。
智慧生活空間技術近年來受到許多研究人員的重視,這種空間需透過服務管理機制處理各式設備、軟體與裝置的偵測、發現、資料傳送及組合等問題,以達成最佳服務品質。UPnP 是一種不依賴特定平台、 穩定且相當普及的服務管理機制,然而其服務匹配機制太過原始,只支援服務描述的逐字比對,導致應用程式經常找不到服務或服務品質不穩定。在這個計畫中,我們嘗試將語意網技術融入UPnP 的服務管理機制,提出一個具語意匹配能力的UPnP 服務管理模型。期望可在極少額外效能負擔下,進行具備語意匹配能力的服務管理,並可與傳統UPnP 各式裝置相容共存並混合使用。
近年來,隨著資通訊科技的快速發展,各式嵌入式計算與感測裝置微型化,促成普及計算(Pervasive Computing)願景得以實現,亦即將具備計算能力的裝置嵌入至各式日常生活的物品、傢俱與家電中,形成智慧生活空間(Smart Environments)。然而,目前大部份智慧生活空間系統仍以「系統即服務(the system is the application)」的方式進行研發,研究人員必須建構從基礎設施一直到最高層服務應用的所有細節;而較少在middleware 層級針對服務管理層面進行嚴謹、深入且有系統之研討,造成許多單獨開發的技術、成果或應用服務無法順利整合並落實至日常生活中。此外,智慧生活空間與一般系統最大的差別即為「場域(Ambient)」概念,也就是一個具有計算能力且有界限(Bounded)的場所(Place)。Ambient 具有複雜、相互包含且形成類似階層的結構,人位於每個Ambient 時,偏好及使用設備皆有所不同,未考慮Ambient 關係的服務模型,在組合跨Ambient 的服務時,通常無法達成最好的效果。我們針對此一智慧生活空間中最顯著的核心性質,也就是Ambient 概念,對服務管理的影響,並同時從實務及理論層面著眼,提出一個新的Ambient-Oriented 情境感知普及服務管理機制,並進行理論與實驗驗證,最後投射並實現於UPnP (Universal Plug and Play)智慧家庭網路之中,以驗證其可行性。
In a pervasive system, the criteria for selecting and ranking services are usually specified by users, which tend to be vague and subjective. Moreover, the deployment of pervasive services here is usually not as well-planned as that in traditional enterprise environments. Hence, the criteria can be contradictory and the activated services can interfere with one another.
In this research, we address these issues by first defining the Preference Expression Language (PEL) that is capable of specifying both enumerative/numeric as well as mandatory/negotiable user preferences. Second, a set of unification rules for conflictive preferences is presented. Third, the degree of interference is modeled and estimated by using fuzzy reasoning approaches. By incorporating the above-mentioned mechanisms, we propose a preference aware service composition framework that can avoid service interferences autonomously.
Reliability is one of the key challenges of Pervasive systems. Numerous Message-Oriented architectures and service discovery protocols have been proposed to support service management in Pervasive systems. Nevertheless, few researches have been done to improve the reliability of Pervasive systems. This research attempts to propose a reliable service management framework by formally defining a Message-Oriented service application model and protocols that facilitate autonomous composition, failure detection and recovery of services. Proposed approaches are realized by constructing a developer’s toolkit that enables rapid-prototyping of services. The recovery rate of systems can be greatly improved by the proposed approach. Furthermore, the services developed by using the proposed approach are capable of integrating heterogeneous software/hardware, and can be deployed in dissimilar sites with little efforts.
解決智慧家庭系統的維運議題,是智慧家庭技術普及化,進而形成產業的重要前提。Broadband Forum提出的CWMP是目前較普及與成熟的維運技術,但CWMP仍具有改善空間,包含效能與擴充性不佳、領域模型設計不良,及Web回呼機制未臻完善。本研究提出以資源導向架構風格改良CWMP,針對現行各種Web回呼機制做分析,並設計一個資源導向智慧家庭服務維運平台,透過實驗與實作應用情境,驗證其功能完備性、效能及實務上之可行性。
Despite the well-development of smart living space research field, Smart Home is still more like a luxury product than a daily necessity for most families. Operations management issues are essential for a new technology to be accepted by the mass consumer market. However, only few attempts have been made toward this direction. This research presents the design and implementation of a CWMP-based platform that supports autonomic operations management. The experiment results show that the the proposed approach is stable and is able to drive the operations tasks smoothly. We also demonstrate the feasibility of the platform by realizing two application scenarios supported by the prototype of the proposed approach.
在物聯網環境下,所有物品透過互聯網連結,每個物體都能被定址且相互通訊。MQTT(Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) 是一個近年來十分受重視的物 聯網應用層協定,主要基於TCP 運作。然而,在智慧家庭中,家電或感測器等精簡型裝置通常只能在具備有限的計算資源與網路頻寬,因此本研究主要目的在使得MQTT 亦可以透通地與低功耗有損網路(LLN)互通,並加上Reliable 機制來對應封包漏失問題,機制,介接到以TCP 為傳輸層的MQTT 骨幹,透過我們所設計的,智慧家庭應用服務管理邏輯可以在沒有額外設定與程式修改的情況下,基於不同的傳輸層透通地運作。
The use of message-oriented architectures in pervasive systems has increased noticeably because of their failure tolerant and loosely-coupled natures. Meanwhile, decentralized service management protocols such as UPnP are believed to be more suitable for small scale pervasive environments such as smart homes. These protocols are usually realized by using IP multicast, which, if not carefully designed, often suffer from network flooding problems due to the replications of too many unnecessary messages.
In this research work, we designed and analyzed of efficiency boosting techniques that reduce the replications of unnecessary messages when decentralized service management protocols are used to manage message-oriented pervasive systems. The analytical predictions agree well with the simulated results, which show that the message counts of SSDPbased presence and leave announcements, node discovery, and heartbeat can be greatly reduced.
A Pervasive-computing-enriched smart environment, which contains hundreds of embedded devices coordinated by service management mechanisms, is capable of anticipating intensions of occupants and providing appropriate services accordingly. To acquire high-level contexts, such as human activities, usually involves analyzing and identifying causality and temporal ordering relationships among a bulk stream of sensor readings. However, there are relatively few works investigating this issue. We notice that Complex Event Processing (CEP) is useful for dealing with the issue mentioned above. In this work, we propose a platform for integrating CEP concepts with PerSAM, a service application model for pervasive environments. Applications and experiments are performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed platform.
The guidelines are usually established by medical ex-perts, according to the symptom of disease. Based on the biological information, habits, and the surrounding environment information form sensors, the guideline engine makes the appropriate care decisions and then alerts after the information is observed. Further-more, the proposed platform can gather feedback information about the reaction follow-ing collecting the implementation of the guidelines by monitoring system. In case of emergency, the platform uses the short message system to inform the relevant units im-mediately. The smart home integration platform can therefore reduce the burdens of care and unexpected events with effectiveness; therefore it enhances the quality of family care.
The architecture of a conventional smart home is usually server-centric and thus causes many problems. Mobile devices and dynamic services cause the dynamically changing environment, which can result in very difficult interaction. In addition, how to provide services efficiently and appropriately is always an important issue for a smart home. To solve the problems caused by traditional architectures, to deal with the dynamic environment, and to provide appropriate service, we propose a service-oriented architecture for smart home environments, based on OSGi and mobile agent technology. This architecture is a Peer-to-Peer model based on multiple OSGi platforms, in which service-oriented mechanisms are used for system components to interact with one another, and mobile agent technology is applied to augment the interaction mechanisms.
Pedestrian Dead Reckoning (PDR) is a popular indoor positioning mechanism that requires minimal infrastructure. Meanwhile, smart phone is becoming popular in recent years, making it an ideal sensor platform for indoor positioning. Nevertheless, realizing PDR on a smart phone is still challenging as the developer has to go through several construct/evaluate cycles before finding appropriate algorithms and parameters. In this research, we propose a flexible platform for rapid-prototyping PDR indoor positioning engine on smart phones. Based on the platform, the developer is able to tailor the engine by the composition of components so that the construct/evaluate cycle time can be greatly reduced.
與政治大學資訊科學系陳恭教授團隊之共同研究成果
In software as a service (SaaS) environments, designing a multi-tenant data architecture that supports shared database with custom extension is a non-trivial task. A general
approach to support such an architecture is a middlewarelevel facility that supports the mapping of multiple single-tenant logical schemas in the application to one multi-tenant physical schema in the database.
We follow this approach and report our preliminary results on the design and analysis of a query rewriting engine that can transparently transform tenantspecific logical queries into corresponding physical queries for Universal Table, a widely adopted and industry verified schemamapping
technique. A prototype and a sample SaaS application are implemented to verify the feasibility of the design of the query rewriting engine. Besides, performance analysis results that can be used to predict the overhead of schema-mapping in the engine are also reported.